NestMint

✦ Smart Planning. Confident Future.

Plan today.
Live confidently tomorrow.

NestMint helps you model your financial future with clarity — so you can make smarter decisions, reach your goals, and enjoy what matters most.

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Powerful Tools. Clear Insights. Better Decisions.

Everything you need to plan, model, and project your financial future with confidence.

Year-by-Year Projections

See your future year-by-year with comprehensive cash flow, taxes, and account balances.

Smart Withdrawal Strategies

Compare strategies side-by-side to reduce projected taxes and support lifetime wealth.

Monte Carlo Simulations

Visualize thousands of market scenarios and understand the range of possible outcomes.

Tax, RMD & IRMAA Insights

Plan ahead for taxes, RMDs, and IRMAA surcharges with proactive insights.

Built for Every Stage of Life

Young Professionals

Start strong, build smart habits, and watch your money grow.

Near Retirees

Make informed decisions and transition into retirement with clarity.

Retirees

Protect your wealth and enjoy peace of mind through every year.

Simple, Transparent Pricing

Start with a 14-day free trial. No credit card required. Cancel anytime.

Monthly

$9.99/mo

Full access, month to month. Cancel anytime.

✓ All planning tools
✓ Unlimited scenarios
✓ Tax & RMD projections
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Best Value

Annual

$89.99/yr

Save 25% versus monthly — equivalent to $7.50/mo.

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Lifetime

$149.99 once

Pay once, plan forever. Limited to first 500 members.

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✓ Lifetime access
✓ No renewals, ever
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NestMint Workplace

Welcome back

NestMint Workplace helps employees and retirees plan for today and tomorrow with confidence.

Employee planning

Build a strong financial future with tools to plan, save, and stay on track.

Plan and grow your retirement savings
Explore scenarios and compare strategies
Stay informed and confident about your future

Retiree planning

Make informed decisions and create sustainable income in retirement.

Model income and manage withdrawals
Compare strategies and find the right fit
Adapt to life changes with confidence

Powerful tools to support your journey

Retirement savings planning

Set goals, estimate outcomes, and build a plan that fits your future.

Income & withdrawal modeling

Model retirement income and create a withdrawal strategy you can count on.

Strategy comparisons

Compare options side-by-side to find the strategy that aligns with your goals.

Scenario analysis

Explore different scenarios to prepare for life’s twists and turns.

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Your information is protected with industry-leading security and privacy standards.

Good morning!

Here’s your financial overview for today.

New Plan

Retirement Confidence

—Run Monte Carlo

Open Monte Carlo to calculate a modeled success rate.

Projected Ending Wealth

—in future (nominal) dollars — not inflation-adjusted

Run the Retirement Planner to populate this metric.

Annual Spending (Today)

—Current modeled spending

From your current plan assumptions.

Lifetime Taxes

—Every tax the plan pays over its horizon, in future dollars: federal and state income tax (including the extra tax on withdrawals made to pay tax), capital gains, NIIT, payroll tax on wages, penalties, and IRMAA where modeled

Run the Retirement Planner to populate this metric.

Run a simulation in the Retirement Planner to populate plan metrics and recommendations.

Portfolio Snapshot

Total Portfolio Value—

Enter account balances in the Retirement Planner to see your allocation.

Based on the account balances in your current plan.

Spending & Withdrawals by Age

Run a simulation in the Retirement Planner to see projected annual spending by age.

Taxes by Age

Run a simulation in the Retirement Planner to see projected annual taxes by age.

Recent Plans

Plan NameLast EditedEnding Wealth

No saved plans yet. Run the Retirement Planner or a Savings Projection and save a scenario — it will appear here.

View all plans →

← Back to Workspace

Create a retirement plan

Start a new plan

Name your plan, review the Input Summary, then adjust any section in the guided planner.

Plan name 15 / 30 characters. You can rename or save the plan from the Retirement Planner later.

How it works

You'll land on the Input Summary — every assumption at a glance — and edit any section from there.

Input GuideStart at the Input Summary, then step through any section — Personal Information, Accounts & Assets, and the rest.

Existing values are retained until you change them. Creating a new plan clears the active saved-plan selection. Your current inputs stay in place until you update them.

Cancel

Savings Estimator

See how small, consistent savings turn into serious wealth over time.

Your Savings Today

Retirement accounts

Traditional 401(k)

$

Roth 401(k)

$

Traditional IRA

$

Roth IRA

$

Retirement subtotal $0

Brokerage / Taxable Savings

$

Brokerage accounts, savings, CDs, etc. — taxed differently from retirement accounts.

Total savings $0

Compensation

Annual Salary

$

Your gross annual employment income. Used to check Roth IRA eligibility, compute employer-match cap (if configured), and project your current-year tax bracket.

Salary Growth

%

Expected yearly raise. Grows the salary your employer match is computed on. Leave blank to use your Annual Increase rate.

Spouse (optional)

Include spouse in projection

Adds your spouse's savings to the household projection. They share your retirement timeline, investment return, annual increase, and salary growth; their salary, contributions, employer match, and starting balance are their own.

Contribution & Growth

Monthly Brokerage / Taxable

$

Money you save each month into a regular taxable brokerage account. Grows in its own bucket — no contribution limit and no employer match.

Retirement Deferrals (401k / IRA)

Monthly Traditional (Pre-Tax)

$

Monthly Roth (After-Tax)

$

Traditional and Roth are your 401(k)/IRA contributions. The employer match below applies to their combined total (not to brokerage).

Annual Increase in Contributions & Salary

%

One rate for raises: it grows your contributions each year and your salary, so the employer-match ceiling below grows with your pay.

Employer Match Not set

Match cap is computed against the Annual Salary in the Compensation section above, indexed each year by your Annual Increase. IRS rules (§401(a)(17)) cap matchable pay at $360,000 (2026, indexed). Leave both fields at 0 if you have no employer match.

Employer Match Rate

%

Percentage of your contribution the employer matches (e.g. 50% = $0.50 per $1 you contribute).

Match Cap (% of salary)

%

Maximum % of salary the employer will match on (e.g. 6% means they only match up to 6% of your salary).

Match deposit destination

Traditional 401(k) Roth 401(k)

Traditional is the default and most common (employer match is pre-tax). Some plans offer Roth-match under SECURE 2.0 — you pay tax on the match amount in the current year but the balance grows tax-free.

Note: Salary is treated as fixed for the entire projection period. The employer match cap is based on the Compensation salary each year, even if your contributions increase annually.

Tax profile

Filing status

State

Include spouse

Does your 401(k) plan offer a Roth option?

Under SECURE 2.0 a high earner’s 401(k) catch-up must be Roth — with no Roth option there is no catch-up.

Used by both Roth tools below — conversion math and contribution-bucket eligibility.

Your Current Age

yrs

Used to personalize tool suggestions and milestone labels

Years Until Retirement

yrs

Expected Annual Return

%

Compounding Frequency

Contributions are assumed to occur evenly throughout the year. Monthly is the most realistic for typical investments.

Start Post-Retirement Planning →

Projected Savings at Age —

Projected balance

$0

Target

—

Target value renders from your saved goal in Goal Simulator.

No saved goal? Set one in Goal Simulator to see your target here.

Projected from current assumptions; not a guarantee.

Years to Retirement

—

Monthly Contributions

$0

Traditional + Roth + brokerage

Employer Match

$0

Projected across the savings horizon

Current Savings

$0

Across retirement and taxable accounts

Goal Simulator

Total Estimated Savings iProjected total balance at your target retirement age, including your current savings, new contributions, employer match, and investment growth.

$0

Est. Monthly Income (4% rule) iEstimated monthly income you could withdraw in retirement using the 4% safe withdrawal rule. Calculated as your total savings × 4% ÷ 12 months. The 4% rule is a widely used guideline suggesting you can withdraw 4% of your portfolio annually with low risk of running out over 30 years.

$0

Est. New Contributions iTotal amount you will contribute from your own income between now and retirement. Includes any annual increase percentage you've set. Does not include employer match — that's shown separately.

$0

Est. Investment Growth iThe portion of your total savings that comes from investment returns (compound growth) rather than contributions. This is Total Savings minus your initial balance, new contributions, and employer match.

$0

Wealth Accumulation Over Time

Account Balances Over Time

Traditional, Roth, and brokerage balances — with the total — through retirement age.

Contribution Mix

Traditional and Roth deferrals are modeled separately

The estimator preserves the four retirement-account buckets and taxable savings throughout the projection.

Target Context

Retirement Handoff

Carry this balance into the Retirement Planner

Use the estimate to begin spending, tax, healthcare, and withdrawal modeling.

Years Scroll horizontally to view all columns →

Timeline		Balances & Contributions					Investment Growth		Projected Outcome
Year	Age	Beg. Balance	Mo. Contrib	Annual Contrib	Empl. Match	Cumul. Contrib	Interest (Yr)	Cumul. Interest	End Balance	% From Growth	Real Balance (today's $)	Mo. Income @ 4%

Smart Planning Tools

Employer Match Optimizer

See how much free money you're leaving on the table. Enter your employer's match terms.

Annual Salary (auto-fills from above)

$

Your Contribution

%

Employer Matches

%

% of your contribution they match

Match Cap

%

Max % of salary they'll match on

Goal Milestones

Track when you'll hit key savings milestones. Based on your current inputs.

Run the estimator above to see your milestones.

Roth Contribution Planner

How should you split your annual retirement contributions across Roth IRA, Roth 401(k), Traditional 401(k), and Traditional IRA? See your capacity, allocate across the four buckets, and watch how the choice plays out over your time to retirement.

This is an ongoing decision. Numbers update live as you change inputs — no Run button. Revisit any time your income, employer match, or savings rate changes.

Why split contributions across buckets at all?

Roth and Traditional accounts behave differently in retirement. Roth grows tax-free and avoids RMDs. Traditional reduces taxable income today, but withdrawals are taxed as ordinary income and RMDs force them starting at age 73 or 75 (set by your birth year).

Splitting across both gives you tax diversification — flexibility to draw from whichever bucket is most tax-efficient each year of retirement. The optimal split depends on your current bracket, projected retirement bracket, employer match policy, and IRS phase-out limits.

The Capacity card below shows what you're legally allowed to contribute given your filing status and income. The allocation grid lets you decide how to use it.

Your profile Edit in Savings Estimator ↑

Loading…

Your 2026 contribution capacity IRS 2026

TOTAL ROOM $0

IRA LIMIT

$0

401(K) LIMIT

$0

Employer match doesn't count against these limits — it rides on top of your room.

✓

Roth IRA eligibility

1 Where should new contributions go? Allocate up to $0/yr

Current federal bracket: —. Projected retirement bracket: —. Set your profile to see an illustrative scenario.

Roth IRA cap $7,500

After-tax now · tax-free in retirement

$

/$7,500

✓ Eligible

Roth 401(k) cap $24,500

After-tax now · tax-free in retirement · no income limit

$

/$24,500

⚠ Verify your employer offers a Roth 401(k) option

Traditional 401(k) shared cap $24,500

Pre-tax now · ordinary income in retirement · RMDs at 73–75

$

/$24,500

✓ Always available

Traditional IRA shared cap $7,500

Pre-tax now · deduction may be limited by 401(k) coverage

$

/$7,500

⚠ Deduction limited if covered by 401(k)

Allocated $0 of $0 max

3 Projected outcome at retirement —

Final estimated savings — three scenarios Live

All three scenarios use the same contribution dollars, employer match, and growth rate, so the pre-tax balance is the same. Only the after-tax keep amount changes based on how the money is split between Traditional and Roth. Traditional balances are subject to required minimum distributions beginning at age 73–75; Roth balances are not.

All Traditional

—

pre-tax · all Traditional

After-tax: —

Gross at retirement—

Tax-free portion—

Taxable portion—

Withdrawal tax rate—

Withdrawal tax—

After-tax NW—

Current-year tax—

vs. all-Traditional—

Your allocation

—

pre-tax · your split

After-tax: —

Gross at retirement—

Tax-free portion—

Taxable portion—

Withdrawal tax rate—

Withdrawal tax—

After-tax NW—

Current-year tax—

vs. all-Traditional—

All Roth

—

pre-tax · all Roth

After-tax: —

Gross at retirement—

Tax-free portion—

Taxable portion—

Withdrawal tax rate—

Withdrawal tax—

After-tax NW—

Current-year tax—

vs. all-Traditional—

Note: These projections cover retirement accounts only (Traditional & Roth 401(k) and IRA balances). Brokerage and taxable savings are excluded — see the Savings Estimator dashboard for your full total including non-retirement accounts.

What drives the after-tax delta (your allocation vs. all-Traditional)

1 Same gross balance, different tax composition. All three scenarios produce roughly the same gross. What changes is how much you keep after retirement taxes — Roth dollars are tax-free, Traditional dollars are taxed at your retirement bracket. informational

2 Roth IRA tax-free growth. The Roth IRA portion of your allocation compounds tax-free for the full horizon and is withdrawn tax-free, with no income tax owed at retirement. —

3 Roth 401(k) tax-free growth. The Roth 401(k) portion of your allocation compounds tax-free for the full horizon and is withdrawn tax-free, with no income tax owed at retirement. —

Potential tax advantage of your allocation —

The per-year tradeoff of choosing Roth

Every dollar you contribute to Roth (instead of Traditional) means:

You give up a current-year tax deduction (your Roth contribution × your current tax rate).
You avoid withdrawal tax in retirement (your Roth balance × your retirement tax rate).

Important: The lost tax deduction can represent a significant drag on the Roth advantage shown above. If a Traditional contributor were to reinvest those tax savings and let them compound over the full savings horizon, the result would partially offset Roth's edge.

Also explore: Roth Conversion Explorer

Converting your existing traditional balance is a separate lever — worth modeling if you have outside cash for the tax bill. The Conversion Explorer accordion is right below this one.

Tax-advisor footnote. 2026 IRS limits shown reflect federal rules verified against IRS.gov, Fidelity, Schwab, and Vanguard. Projection uses simplified assumptions for current and retirement tax brackets. Individual situations have wrinkles this tool doesn't model — HSA stacking, multiple 401(k)s, MAGI vs. AGI subtleties, mega-backdoor mechanics, pro-rata rule, state-level Roth treatment. Planning aid only, not a substitute for guidance from a qualified tax professional.

Roth Conversion Explorer

Should you convert some of your traditional IRA/401(k) to a Roth before retirement? Pay tax now at your known bracket, then grow and withdraw tax-free. Reduces future RMDs and Medicare surcharges.

Standalone planning tool: these assumptions are entered here and are not automatically synchronized with your active plan.

This is an annual decision. Enter your income and conversion window, see the answer, then come back next year with updated numbers if things change.

The highest-leverage conversion window is before you retire

Once you stop working, income drops — but so does your control over it. RMDs starting at age 73–75 force withdrawals from your IRA whether you need the money or not, at ordinary income rates, in amounts that grow every year as your balance compounds.

The years between now and retirement are different. Your bracket is known. Your timeline is long. And every dollar you move to Roth now compounds tax-free for decades.

The question isn't whether to convert. It's how much, and when.

Your profile

2 Your plan Set the conversion window by age

Convert $ from age through

Enter a window to see duration

Pay the tax from outside the IRA (generally more efficient) If unchecked, tax is taken from the converted amount — less reaches the Roth.

3 Your tax picture

Income during conversion window

Current income comes from your Savings Estimator salary (in the left rail). Toggle on to grow it with your Annual Increase rate — compounded from today, so income at the window already reflects the raises between now and then.

Income grows with your Annual Increase

Conversion years: —

In retirement: —

—

The retirement-bracket estimate uses a simplified 4% IRA withdrawal as a retirement-income proxy. For precise bracket assumptions, switch off the Auto-Estimate toggle and enter your own current and retirement tax rates in Advanced options below.

Advanced options

Where do new contributions go in the conversion plan?

Relevant for younger savers choosing between Roth and Traditional contributions.

Traditional Roth (direct)

Override expected return Using Savings Estimator return

Stress-test your plan with a different return assumption. Used for retirement balance projection.

Use

%

instead

Assume future federal rates are higher

For users who believe TCJA expiration or other changes will push future brackets up. Adds this many points to the federal rate used in the retirement-bracket estimate. Default 0 = no change.

Add

pts

to the future federal rate

Use manual tax rates instead of estimates Auto-estimating from income

Skip the income-based estimate and enter your own combined marginal rates (federal + state). Overrides everything else in the tax picture.

Current combined rate

%

Federal + state, during conversion window

Retirement combined rate

%

Federal + state, in retirement

Bottom line

Roth Balance at Retirement

—

Tax-Free Growth Gained

—

Upfront Tax Cost

—

Break-Even Year

—

Est. Annual RMD

—

Total Portfolio Value: Convert vs. No Convert

Year-by-Year Conversion Detail

Age	Year	Conversion	Tax Paid	Trad. Balance	Roth Balance	No-Conv. Total	With-Conv. Total	Net Advantage

5-Year Rule Reminder: Each Roth conversion starts its own 5-year clock. Converted amounts (principal) withdrawn before 5 years and before age 59½ may incur a 10% early withdrawal penalty; once you reach age 59½, this clock no longer applies. Roth earnings follow a separate rule: a single 5-year clock starting from the first year any Roth contribution was ever made. Earnings are tax- and penalty-free only when both tests are met — account is 5+ years old and you are 59½ or older. Plan conversions early enough that the 5-year window is satisfied before you need the funds.

Start Now vs. Wait

See the cost of waiting. Compare starting today vs. delaying by 1, 3, 5, or 10 years.

Run the estimator above to see the comparison.

Investment Strategy Planner

Figure out how much to put into each account type based on your income and risk tolerance. Follows the classic priority order: get the employer match, then max tax-advantaged accounts. (2026 IRS limits)

Standalone planning tool: these assumptions are entered here and are not automatically synchronized with your active plan.

Annual Gross Income (auto-fills from above)

$

Target Savings Rate

%

Your Age

Employer Match Rate

% of your contribution

Match Cap (% of salary)

% of salary

Risk Tolerance

Filing Status

Prior-year FICA wages

Over $150,000 makes any 401(k) catch-up Roth-only (SECURE 2.0).

HSA Coverage Type

Catch-Up Contribution Planner

If you're 50+, IRS rules let you contribute extra to 401(k) and IRA accounts. See how much more you could save. (2026 limits)

Standalone planning tool: these assumptions are entered here and are not automatically synchronized with your active plan.

Your Age

Years Until Retirement

Expected Return

%

Plan Type

Historical Backtest

What if you had started saving with your current contribution plan 30 years ago? This compares your flat-rate projection against what actually happened in the S&P 500 — including the dot-com crash, 2008 financial crisis, and COVID. See how real market volatility would have affected your savings growth.

Quick Year-by-Year Breakdown

Year	Annual Contribution	Cumulative Contributions	Total Investment Growth	End Balance

Saved Scenarios

Scenario	Updated	Projected at retirement	Target	Status

Goal Simulator

Explore different savings scenarios — solve for the missing variable.

Back to Estimator

Starting Balance

$

Auto-filled from "Your Savings Today" — edit to override. Applies to all simulators below.

Retirement Goal

$

The total balance you want to reach. Seeds the cards below and powers the Savings Estimator goal-gap insight.

Monthly Contribution

How much do I need to save each month to reach my goal?

Savings Goal

$

Years to Save

yrs

Annual Return

%

Years to Goal

How many years will it take to reach my savings target?

Savings Goal

$

Monthly Contribution

$

Annual Return

%

Required Return

What annual return rate do I need to hit my savings target?

Savings Goal

$

Monthly Contribution

$

Years to Save

yrs

Future Balance

What will my balance be at a specific age given my current plan?

Monthly Contribution

$

Annual Return

%

Current Age

Target Age

1. Personal Information

Tell us about you and your household.

Your profile

This information helps personalize your plan and projections.

Current Age

years

Your age as of today.

Birth Year & Month (optional)

Pins RMD, 59½ / 70½ and Medicare timing to the right year. Blank = inferred from age.

Retirement Age

years

Life Expectancy

years

Age you expect to live to.

Planning Horizon

—

years

Number of years to include in this plan.

These inputs drive many of your plan's projections, including income needs, portfolio longevity, and healthcare costs.

Household

Tell us about your household and partner.

Include spouse / partner

Spouse / Partner

Name

Current Age

years

Retirement Age

years

Birth Year & Month (optional)

Life Expectancy

years

Age you expect your spouse / partner to live to.

Advanced: Survivor PlanningPlan for the future after the first death.

Pension Survivor Percentage

Portion of pension or income that continues to survivor.

Spending After First Death

%

Expected spending as a % of pre-death spending.

3. Income

Enter your income sources for retirement.

—Annual income

—Social Security sources

—Pension sources

—Other income sources

Social Security (You)

Estimate your Social Security benefit.

Claim age

years

Monthly benefit (today's $)

$

COLA assumption

%

Enter the monthly benefit amount used by the retirement engine.

Social Security (Spouse / Partner)

Estimate your spouse / partner's Social Security benefit.

Claim age

years

Monthly benefit (today's $)

$

COLA assumption

%

The engine stores Social Security as a monthly benefit.

Pensions (You)

Add your defined benefit or other pension income.

+ Add Pension

This reveals the planner's existing second pension slot. No additional pension slots are created.

Pension 2Existing optional slot

Monthly amount

$

Start age

End age

COLA

%

Pension SourcePayment StartMonthly Amount
(Today's $)COLA /
IncreaseSurvivor %

Company PensionPension 1

$

%

—

Advanced pension timing

Pension 1 end age

iPension amounts are shown in today's dollars. The planner supports two pension slots.

Spouse Pension

Add spouse / partner pension income.

Pension SourcePayment StartMonthly Amount
(Today's $)COLA /
IncreaseSurvivor %

Spouse PensionExisting spouse slot

$

%

—

Pension timing

Pension end age

iInclude pensions or annuities you expect your spouse / partner to receive.

Employment / Other Income (You)

Add recurring employment or other income already supported by the planner.

SourceMonthly Amount (Today's $)Start AgeEnd Age

Employment / Other IncomeRecurring income source

$

Salary growth (%/yr; blank = same as inflation)

401(k) contribution (% of salary, pre-tax)

Roth 401(k) contribution (% of salary)

Employer match (% of salary, "100% of the first N%")

iThe engine models this source with a monthly amount and an age window: Start Age is when income begins and End Age is when it stops. If End Age is left blank, your planned Retirement Age is used when one is set.

Spouse Employment

Add spouse / partner employment income and contributions while working.

Employment — monthly

$

Start Age (employment begins)

End Age (employment stops)

Spouse monthly contribution (to Traditional, while working)

$

Contributed to the spouse's traditional account during the employment window.

4. Spending & Cash Flow

Organize your retirement spending plan and major cash flow events.

—Spending Today

—Inflation Assumption

—Event Count

Annual Spending

Amounts are in today's dollars and increase with your inflation assumption.

Annual spending today

$

Inflation rate

%

Spending pattern

iSpending is adjusted each year using your inflation assumption and selected spending mode.

Use total expenses from Budget

When on, your Budget view's total keeps the annual spending amount in sync.

One-Time & Multi-Year Cash Flow Events

Add major planned events that impact your cash flow.

Extra Withdrawals (up to 3)

NotesAmountStartEndMonth

$

From: Primary IRA Spouse IRA Either (auto)

$

From: Primary IRA Spouse IRA Either (auto)

$

From: Primary IRA Spouse IRA Either (auto)

Deposits (up to 3 · added to taxable)

NotesAmountYearMonthGoes to

$

Taxable

$

Taxable

$

Taxable

Home Sale & Purchase (up to 2 properties)

Plan a property sale and, optionally, your next home purchase. Enter each sale here rather than adding it again as a deposit. Net sale proceeds go to your taxable brokerage account.

Property 1

Sale details

Enter an expected sale price, or estimate it using today’s value and annual appreciation.

Property type

Sale year

Sale month

Value today ($)

$

Annual appreciation (%)

Expected sale price ($)

$

A sale price above $0 overrides the value-and-growth estimate. Blank appreciation uses your plan’s inflation rate.

Selling costs & tax eligibility

Mortgage balance at sale ($)

$

Selling costs (%)

Cost basis ($)

$

Cost basis is the original purchase price plus qualifying improvements. Tax on the sale’s gain is paid from the sale proceeds first; any shortfall follows your tax-funding order.

Property state

Lived there 2 of the last 5 years I confirm full exclusion eligibility

No home-sale exclusion is applied until full eligibility is confirmed. Review the eligibility and modeling notes below.

Next home purchase (optional)

Leave the purchase price at $0 if you are not buying another home. Purchase year and month default to the sale date.

Purchase price ($)

$

New mortgage ($)

$

Purchase year

Purchase month

The purchase price minus the new mortgage is withdrawn in the purchase month and year. Sale proceeds stay invested and available in brokerage, not held in escrow. Include ongoing mortgage payments or rent in Spending.

View sale & purchase calculation

Second property (optional)

Property 2

Sale details

Enter an expected sale price, or estimate it using today’s value and annual appreciation.

Property type

Sale year

Sale month

Value today ($)

$

Annual appreciation (%)

Expected sale price ($)

$

A sale price above $0 overrides the value-and-growth estimate. Blank appreciation uses your plan’s inflation rate.

Selling costs & tax eligibility

Mortgage balance at sale ($)

$

Selling costs (%)

Cost basis ($)

$

Cost basis is the original purchase price plus qualifying improvements. Tax on the sale’s gain is paid from the sale proceeds first; any shortfall follows your tax-funding order.

Property state

Lived there 2 of the last 5 years I confirm full exclusion eligibility

No home-sale exclusion is applied until full eligibility is confirmed. Review the eligibility and modeling notes below.

Next home purchase (optional)

Leave the purchase price at $0 if you are not buying another home. Purchase year and month default to the sale date.

Purchase price ($)

$

New mortgage ($)

$

Purchase year

Purchase month

The purchase price minus the new mortgage is withdrawn in the purchase month and year. Sale proceeds stay invested and available in brokerage, not held in escrow. Include ongoing mortgage payments or rent in Spending.

View sale & purchase calculation

Eligibility & modeling notes

Full eligibility: confirm the ownership and residence tests, both spouses' residence tests for a joint exclusion, and no disqualifying prior exclusion within two years. No exclusion is applied until confirmed. Entered sales are checked chronologically; another exclusion within 24 months, including the boundary month, is not applied. Exact-date eligibility, partial exclusions and other exceptions require separate tax review. See IRS Publication 523. Not modeled: rental or depreciation history, installment sales and like-kind exchanges. The property state is assumed to follow the federal exclusion.

Spending Notes (optional)

Add notes about your spending plan, assumptions, or anything important to remember.

0 / 500

Filing:—

State:—

Retirement start:Now

Horizon:—

7. Taxes & Strategy

Set your tax profile and choose the strategy preferences that shape the plan.

Filing status—

State tax model—

Withdrawal strategySelect below

Roth conversionsConfigure below

Your Taxes

Tax Profile

How your ordinary income is taxed each year. The Automatic method applies the 2026 IRS brackets and standard deduction for your filing status, inflated over time; your state selection sets the state rate.

Filing Status

State (sets the state tax rate)

Used with the Automatic federal method. The flat method's state rate lives under Advanced.

Bracket Inflation

%

Tax brackets and deductions grow at this rate in future years, as the IRS adjusts them for inflation.

Standard / Itemized Deduction

$

Subtracted from income before tax. The default is the IRS standard amount for your filing status, indexed each year. Enter a different amount to itemize: it replaces the standard deduction and the 65+ add-on (itemizers don’t get it), is entered in today’s dollars and indexed the same way, and applies for all plan years; age-varying ranges live in Tax settings.

Age 65+ additional deduction

Extra standard-deduction add-on per person aged 65+ ($1,650/person MFJ, $2,050 single, 2026) in the years each of you qualifies. Leave it on — it is statutory; turning it off models a higher tax than the law charges.

Enhanced senior deduction

Up to $6,000 per eligible person for tax years 2025–2028 only (OBBBA). Each person’s $6,000 is reduced by 6% of MAGI above $75K single / $150K jointly. Fully phased out at $175K single or $250K jointly, whether one or both spouses qualify. Not available married filing separately.

What Gets Taxed

Withdrawals from IRA/401(k) are always taxed as ordinary income. Check additional income types to include in your tax calculation.

Tax Social Security

The plan computes how much of your Social Security is federally taxable using the IRS provisional-income tiers (0%, 50%, or 85% of benefits depending on income). Leave this checked for realistic taxes — low incomes automatically produce $0 taxable SS. Uncheck only to model SS as fully tax-exempt.

Tax pension

Unchecking removes ALL pension income from the taxable-income calculation — use only if your pension is genuinely tax-exempt. If unchecked, lifetime tax will be significantly understated. Check the "Taxable Income" line after running.

Tax employment income

Wages in retirement are ordinary income (and payroll-taxed). Uncheck only if the figure you entered is already net of tax.

Capital gains on brokerage sales

When you sell in a taxable account, only the gain portion is taxed. The plan seeds ONE tracked cost basis from your starting gain % below, adds basis for every dollar that enters the account (excess RMDs, deposits, saved surplus), and realizes gain on each sale at the share the account carries at that moment.

Include capital gains tax

Capital Gains Rate Method

Flat LTCG Rate

Capital Loss Carryover

$

Unused capital losses from prior years. Applied against gains first, then up to $3,000/yr against ordinary income.

Starting Gain % in Brokerage

%

% of today’s brokerage balance that is growth above what you paid (check your statement’s unrealized gain). 0 means no embedded gain; negative means the account is below cost. This is the only gain input — it seeds the tracked basis.

After you finish, the Brokerage Gain/Basis Estimator in the Deep Dive tab shows the tracked basis, the share of each sale that was gain, and the cap gains tax paid, year by year.

Paying the Tax Bill

Every year’s tax bill is paid from the plan: first from income left after spending, then from your accounts in the order you choose. Tax dollars taken from the IRA are themselves taxed, so the plan grosses that withdrawal up; dollars taken from brokerage realize gain.

Tax Funding — Order

Which account pays the tax that income after spending does not cover. Brokerage First keeps the IRA compounding.

Your Strategy

Withdrawal Strategy

Choose how the engine takes distributions. RMDs are always taken first.

RMD Start Age

—

Computed from your birth year under SECURE 2.0.

RMD Handling

Excess RMDs are reinvested in brokerage

Roth Conversions

Plan annual conversions

Move money from Traditional IRA/401(k) to Roth. The converted amount is taxed as ordinary income in the year of conversion, but then grows and withdraws tax-free. Leave amount at $0 to skip.

Gain Harvesting

Deliberately sells brokerage positions in low-income years to realize gains while your capital-gains rate is 0%, then reinvests — raising your cost basis so future sales owe less tax. The realized amount is capped by the Harvest Rate.

Gain harvesting (0% zone)

Needs "Include capital gains tax" on and the Automatic LTCG method. Realizes gains from the plan’s tracked basis (seeded by your Starting Gain %) up to the room left in the 0% bracket after this year’s income and sale gains. No loss harvesting is modeled.

Harvest Rate

%

Share of the available 0% (and, if enabled, 15%) bracket room to use each year — not a share of the balance.

Also harvest in the 15% zone

Pays 15% now to step up basis. Only worthwhile if later sales would land in the 20% bracket; if your withdrawal years are also at 15% it is pure timing drag (the Basis Estimator shows which).

Advanced: flat-rate overrides & timing

Only needed with the flat federal method, or to change when withdrawals happen within each year.

Flat Federal Rate (used with the flat method)

%

State Rate (flat method)

Withdrawal Timing

When during each year withdrawals are taken — affects growth and tax sequencing.

← Back to Workspace

Retirement planning

Retirement Planner

Model income, withdrawals, taxes, and spending — know exactly how long your money lasts.

Personal Information

Current Age

Birth Year & Month (optional)

Sets your RMD start age, 59½ and 70½ dates, and Medicare/SS timing. Blank = inferred from your age.

Retirement Age

Life Expectancy

Add Spouse / Partner Pre-65 health coverage from the ACA marketplace

Benchmark premium (monthly SLCSP)

$

The second-lowest-cost Silver plan for your household — shown during marketplace shopping. Leave blank for a qualitative window.

Account Balances at Retirement

IRA 1

$

IRA 2

$

Roth IRA

$

401(k)

$

Brokerage Account

$

Other Savings

$

Income Sources

Social Security — You

Your Monthly Benefit

$

Enter the benefit amount for the age you plan to claim. Find yours at ssa.gov/myaccount or on your annual SSA statement.

Your Start Age

62 = reduced (~70%), 67 = full, 70 = max (~124%)

SS COLA %

%

Annual cost-of-living adjustment. SSA historical avg ~2.5%. Set to 0 to model flat benefits.

Pension — Your pension income

Monthly Amount

$

Start Age

End Age

The last age this pension pays. Set to life expectancy for a lifetime pension.

COLA %

%

Employment / Other Earned Income (optional)

Monthly Amount

$

Start Age

End Age

Age range for employment income.

Working years (salary growth, 401(k) contributions, employer match)

Salary growth (%/yr)

Blank = grows with your inflation rate. Plans saved before this field existed keep flat wages (0).

401(k) contribution (% of salary, pre-tax)

Deposits to your IRA/401(k) pool each working year and reduces taxable wages; IRS deferral limits (incl. 50+ / 60–63 catch-up) apply.

Roth 401(k) contribution (% of salary)

After-tax; deposits to your Roth pool. Shares the same IRS deferral limit.

Employer match (% of salary)

Dollar-for-dollar up to this share of what you defer (enter 3 for "100% of the first 3%"). Goes to your IRA/401(k) pool.

Spouse / Partner — Income

Social Security

Monthly SS Benefit

$

SS Start Age

COLA %

%

Annual cost-of-living adjustment for spouse's SS benefit.

Pension (optional)

Monthly Amount

$

Start Age

Spouse's age when pension begins.

End Age

The last age this pension pays. Set to spouse's life expectancy for a lifetime pension.

COLA %

%

Employment / Other Earned Income (optional)

Monthly Income

$

Start Age

End Age

Age range for spouse's employment income.

Spending & Withdrawal Strategy

Annual Spending in Retirement

$

Adjusted annually for inflation.

Use total expenses from Budget

Withdrawal Order

Draw from brokerage accounts first, then traditional IRA, then Roth. RMDs are always taken.

RMD proceeds

Your required minimum distribution is cash you must take. Spend first uses it toward the year’s spending before any other account is drawn, in every order. Reinvest deposits it into brokerage and funds spending from the chosen order as if it were not there — under Brokerage First that sells appreciated shares you did not need to sell.

Withdrawal Timing

When withdrawals are taken each year. Affects how much growth applies before money leaves the account. "Equal Throughout" models monthly withdrawals spread across the year (the same as a mid-year withdrawal on average).

Special Withdrawals/Deposits

Withdrawals

One-time or multi-year extra withdrawals added on top of regular spending. Set From and To to the same year for a single-year withdrawal. Month controls when in the year the withdrawal occurs (affects growth).

Amount

$

From Year

To Year

Month

Amount

$

From Year

To Year

Month

Amount

$

From Year

To Year

Month

Deposits

One-time lump-sum deposits of after-tax money (e.g., inheritance, life insurance). For a home sale, use Home Sale below. Funds are added to your taxable account balance. Month controls when in the year the deposit occurs (affects growth).

Amount

$

Year

Month

Amount

$

Year

Month

Amount

$

Year

Month

Home Sale

Selling your home, a second home or other property? Enter it here, not as a deposit: enter today's value and a growth rate, or simply the price you expect in the sale year (a sale price, when entered, is used as is). The net proceeds are added to your taxable account, and the gain is taxed in the sale year after the home-sale exclusion ($250,000, or $500,000 married filing jointly, for a primary home you lived in 2 of the last 5 years). A property in another state is taxed at the higher of that state's rate and yours. Not modeled: rental or depreciation history, partial exclusions, installment sales and like-kind exchanges.

Property 1

Sale details

Enter an expected sale price, or estimate it using today’s value and annual appreciation.

Property type

Sale year

Sale month

Value today ($)

$

Annual appreciation (%)

Expected sale price ($)

$

A sale price above $0 overrides the value-and-growth estimate. Blank appreciation uses your plan’s inflation rate.

Selling costs & tax eligibility

Mortgage balance at sale ($)

$

Selling costs (%)

Cost basis ($)

$

Cost basis is the original purchase price plus qualifying improvements. Tax on the sale’s gain is paid from the sale proceeds first; any shortfall follows your tax-funding order.

Property state

Lived there 2 of the last 5 years I confirm full exclusion eligibility

No home-sale exclusion is applied until full eligibility is confirmed. Review the eligibility and modeling notes below.

Next home purchase (optional)

Leave the purchase price at $0 if you are not buying another home. Purchase year and month default to the sale date.

Purchase price ($) iOptional. The purchase price minus the new mortgage is withdrawn in the purchase month and year, not the sale year. Sale proceeds remain invested and available in brokerage until used, not held in escrow. Available brokerage proceeds fund the purchase first, followed by cash and your withdrawal order. Mortgage payments or rent belong in your spending.

$

New mortgage ($)

$

Purchase year

Purchase month

The purchase price minus the new mortgage is withdrawn in the purchase month and year. Sale proceeds stay invested and available in brokerage, not held in escrow. Include ongoing mortgage payments or rent in Spending.

View sale & purchase calculation

Property 2

Sale details

Enter an expected sale price, or estimate it using today’s value and annual appreciation.

Property type

Sale year

Sale month

Value today ($)

$

Annual appreciation (%)

Expected sale price ($)

$

A sale price above $0 overrides the value-and-growth estimate. Blank appreciation uses your plan’s inflation rate.

Selling costs & tax eligibility

Mortgage balance at sale ($)

$

Selling costs (%)

Cost basis ($)

$

Cost basis is the original purchase price plus qualifying improvements. Tax on the sale’s gain is paid from the sale proceeds first; any shortfall follows your tax-funding order.

Property state

Lived there 2 of the last 5 years I confirm full exclusion eligibility

No home-sale exclusion is applied until full eligibility is confirmed. Review the eligibility and modeling notes below.

Next home purchase (optional)

Leave the purchase price at $0 if you are not buying another home. Purchase year and month default to the sale date.

Purchase price ($) iOptional. The purchase price minus the new mortgage is withdrawn in the purchase month and year, not the sale year. Sale proceeds remain invested and available in brokerage until used, not held in escrow. Available brokerage proceeds fund the purchase first, followed by cash and your withdrawal order. Mortgage payments or rent belong in your spending.

$

New mortgage ($)

$

Purchase year

Purchase month

The purchase price minus the new mortgage is withdrawn in the purchase month and year. Sale proceeds stay invested and available in brokerage, not held in escrow. Include ongoing mortgage payments or rent in Spending.

View sale & purchase calculation

Eligibility & modeling notes

Confirm full exclusion eligibility: ownership and residence requirements, both spouses' residence tests for a joint exclusion, and no disqualifying prior exclusion within two years. No exclusion is applied until confirmed. Entered sales are checked chronologically; another exclusion within 24 months, including the boundary month, is not applied. Exact-date eligibility, partial exclusions and other exceptions require separate tax review. See IRS Publication 523.

Roth Conversion

Move money from Traditional IRA/401(k) to Roth. The converted amount is taxed as ordinary income in the year of conversion, but then grows and withdraws tax-free. Leave amount at $0 to skip.

Annual Amount

$

Start Age

End Age

Tip: Use the Roth Explorer strategy tool to find the optimal conversion amount, then enter it here to include it in your main projection.

Healthcare & Medicare

Include Medicare & Healthcare Costs

Adds Medicare Part B, Part D, Medigap, IRMAA surcharges, and out-of-pocket costs to your annual spending. Costs grow at the healthcare inflation rate. IRMAA surcharges are based on your MAGI from 2 years prior (e.g., your 2026 Medicare premiums are determined by your 2024 income). For the first two years of your projection, NestMint uses the optional Prior Year MAGI fields below. If left blank, years 1–2 assume no IRMAA surcharge.

Your Medicare Start Age

Your age when Medicare begins — typically 65

Filing Status (IRMAA)

Your Pre-Medicare Annual Cost

$

Your annual healthcare cost before Medicare (COBRA, ACA, private insurance). This is your cost only — enter spouse costs separately in the Healthcare Strategy tool. Leave at $0 to model no pre-Medicare costs.

Healthcare Inflation

%

Tip: Open the Healthcare Strategy tool below for detailed Part B/D premium inputs, Medigap, and IRMAA tier analysis.

Prior Year MAGI (2 yrs before retirement) iIRMAA surcharges are based on your MAGI from 2 years prior. Enter your income from 2 years before retirement to get accurate IRMAA costs in projection year 1. Leave blank to assume no IRMAA in year 1.

$

Prior Year MAGI (1 yr before retirement) iIRMAA surcharges are based on your MAGI from 2 years prior. Enter your income from 1 year before retirement to get accurate IRMAA costs in projection year 2. Leave blank to assume no IRMAA in year 2.

$

Optional. Used for IRMAA lookback in the first two projection years. If left blank, years 1–2 assume no IRMAA surcharge.

Investment Assumptions

Expected Annual Return iThe annual rate of return you expect your investments to earn. Choose a blended rate applied equally across all accounts, or set different rates per account type to reflect different asset allocations.

%

Volatility (Monte Carlo) ?

Set different return rates and volatility for each account type.

Brokerage Account iExpected return for your taxable brokerage account. Typically holds a mix of stocks, bonds, and other investments with no tax advantages on contributions.

%

Trad. IRA / 401k iExpected return for your traditional IRA and 401(k) accounts. Withdrawals are taxed as ordinary income. Often held in a diversified mix of stocks and bonds.

%

Roth IRA iExpected return for your Roth IRA. Withdrawals are tax-free in retirement. Some investors allocate higher-growth assets here to maximize the tax-free benefit.

%

Cash & Other Return iThe annual return on your Cash & Other Savings balance (high-yield savings, CDs, money market). Cash is held at its entered value unless you set a rate here. It is spent first, before any investment account, and never rides your brokerage or blended return.

%

Inflation Rate iThe expected annual inflation rate used to adjust spending and income in future years. The long-term U.S. average is around 3%.

%

Compounding Frequency iHow often investment returns are compounded within each year. Monthly compounding (12x/year) is the most common default and produces slightly higher effective returns than annual.

Tax Assumptions

Taxable Income Sources

Withdrawals from IRA/401k are always taxed as ordinary income. Check additional income types to include in your tax calculation.

Social Security (85% taxable) iThe plan computes how much of your Social Security is federally taxable using the IRS provisional-income tiers (0%, 50%, or 85% of benefits depending on income). Leave this checked for realistic taxes — low incomes automatically produce $0 taxable SS. Uncheck only to model SS as fully tax-exempt. Pension Income (100% taxable) iUnchecking removes ALL pension income from your taxable income calculation — use only if your pension is genuinely tax-exempt. If unchecked, lifetime tax will be significantly understated. This setting is NOT shown in the scenario summary; check the "Taxable Income" line after running. Employment Income (100% taxable) LTCG (include capital gains tax in simulation)

Tax Deduction

Deduction Amount

$

Auto-set by filing status (2026 IRS amount).

Age 65+ additional std deduction

$1,650/person MFJ, $2,050 single (2026). Only applies with standard deduction.

After-tax wealth lens Heir tax rate (%)

How ending wealth is valued after tax in the Strategy Engine and Roth Explorer. Inherited: the traditional IRA is taxed at your heirs’ marginal rate (a non-spouse heir must empty it within ten years); brokerage gains step up at death; Roth is tax-free. Liquidate: you sell everything — brokerage gains at the 0/15/20% capital-gains rates plus NIIT and state, the IRA drained over ten years on top of your final-year income. One method values every strategy.

Exception to the 10% early-distribution penalty

Traditional IRA/401(k) withdrawals before age 59½ owe a 10% additional tax, which the plan pays like any other tax. Check this if a qualifying exception applies to your plan (separation from service at 55+ for a 401(k), a 72(t) series of substantially equal payments, disability, and others).

Enhanced Senior Deduction (2025–2028)

Up to $6,000/person ($12,000 MFJ). Phases out at MAGI > $75K single / $150K MFJ. Applies to both standard and itemized filers.

Filing Status

Determines tax brackets, standard deduction amounts, and long-term capital gains (LTCG) thresholds.

State Income Tax

Simplified model: your state’s top marginal rate (2026) applied to federal taxable income — ordinary income and capital gains — with your state’s Social Security rules. Illinois, Pennsylvania and Mississippi exempt IRA/401(k) distributions and pensions. Graduated state brackets and partial retirement exclusions are not modeled; lower the rate if your income sits in a lower state bracket.

Bracket Inflation Rate

%

Annual inflation adjustment for tax brackets, standard deduction, and long-term capital gains (LTCG) thresholds. Set to 0% to use fixed 2026 levels. Historical IRS adjustments average ~2-3%.

Federal Tax Method

Uses 2026 IRS tax brackets. Federal tax is computed progressively on taxable income after deductions.

How taxes are paid. Every year’s tax bill is paid from the plan: first from income left after spending, then from your accounts in the order below. Tax dollars taken from an IRA are themselves taxable, so that withdrawal is grossed up; dollars taken from brokerage realize gain. Any tax the plan cannot cover shows as Unmet Need.

Tax Funding Priority iWhich account pays the part of the year’s tax that income after spending does not cover. Brokerage First (default): taxes paid from brokerage, preserving IRA for compound growth. IRA First: taxes gross-up from IRA — larger IRA draws beyond the RMD, reducing future RMDs but depleting the IRA faster.

Taxes paid from brokerage first — IRA compounds without tax-funding draws.

Capital Gains Tax

Configure long-term capital gains tax rate, brokerage gain estimates, auto-harvesting, and loss carryforward.

LTCG Rate Method

Uses 2026 IRS LTCG brackets (inflation-adjusted for future years). Rate (0%/15%/20%) determined by your taxable income each year.

Est. Gain in Brokerage Account

Starting Gain % (today’s unrealized gain)

%

% of today’s brokerage balance that is growth above your original investment. This seeds the plan’s ONE tracked cost basis (r5.118): every year’s sale realizes gain at the basis the plan is carrying, and every deposit (surplus, excess RMD, special deposits) adds basis at cost — so the realized share moves year by year on its own.

Auto-harvest gains in low-tax years

Each year, the simulation sells and repurchases brokerage holdings to fill 0% LTCG room (tax-free), resetting your cost basis higher. You can optionally also fill the 15% zone below — only worthwhile if future income pushes you into the 20% bracket. Requires Cap Gains Tax enabled + Basis Estimator gain % entered.

Capital Loss Carryforward iUnused capital losses from prior years. Applied against gains first, then up to $3,000/yr against ordinary income.

$

Retirement Results

Key outcomes from your current retirement plan.

View Inputs Edit Inputs

📋 Scenario Inputs

Current Balance

$0

Portfolio Draw iHow much your portfolio needs to cover each year after all income sources (Social Security, pension, employment). Early shows the average for years 1–5. Later shows the median from year 10 onward, typically higher due to Required Minimum Distributions. Special one-time withdrawals are excluded from both figures. Includes any tax payments funded from your portfolio, including tax owed on Roth conversions when tax-funding for conversions is enabled.

$0

avg yrs 1–5

$0

median yr 10+

Est. Years Funds Last

0

Est. Funds Final Year

—

No simulation has been run yet for this plan. Run your first simulation to see projected outcomes, tax totals, RMD and IRMAA figures, and your current plan summary.

Portfolio Balance Over Time

Total portfolio value across all strategies.

Total Portfolio Value

Total portfolio value across all strategies — no percentile band.

Spending vs. Income

Income = Social Security, pension, and employment. Spending = the plan’s spending need.

Account Allocation Over Time

Distribution of accounts over time. Based on account balances.

Taxable Income Over Time

Includes SS, pensions, withdrawals, and conversions.

RMDs Over Time

Monte Carlo Outcome Range

2,000 simulated scenarios — shaded bands show the range of outcomes

Income Sources by Year

Tax Summary by Year

Spending & Withdrawals

Account Balance by Type

Tax Rate by Year

Healthcare Cost by Year

⚠ For Informational Purposes Only — Results depend on your inputs and market assumptions. They are not financial, tax, or legal advice.

Plan Assumptions (from your current plan)

—

Customize & Run

Choose how strategies are ranked and run the engine using the assumptions in your current plan.

Rank strategies by

What the engine compares

Tests combinations of withdrawal order, Social Security timing, and Roth conversion schedules — every candidate is a full plan simulation under your current assumptions.

Each finalist is then stress-tested across 500 seeded market paths — the same paths for every strategy — and ranked by the outcome lens you choose.

Ready to compare strategies

Runs 500 seeded market paths per strategy using your current plan — this may take a few seconds.

Or compare saved scenarios side by side…

No saved scenarios yet. Save a scenario from the Retirement Planner input page first.

0 of 3 selected

Edit Assumptions

Scenario inputs

Detailed analyses

More Tools

Plan Health

Run a simulation to see your plan health.

Probability of success
Spending sustainability
Asset longevity
Tax efficiency
RMD management

Computed from your current plan; not a guarantee.

How it Works

Each tool explores a specific part of your retirement plan. Changes you make are reflected across the engine and can be compared.

Learn more about Deep Dive

Tips

Start with the areas that matter most to you. Small changes in assumptions can have a big impact on results.

Go to Assumptions

Quick Access

Roth Conversion Explorer

See how different Roth conversion strategies would affect your lifetime taxes, RMDs, and ending net worth. The Explorer runs your full retirement simulation with and without conversions and compares the results. Tax on conversions is fully included — the converted amount is added to your taxable income each year, taxed at your federal + state rate, and reflected in all totals. A positive result means the upfront tax cost is outweighed by tax-free growth and lower future RMDs. A negative result means conversion costs more than it saves in your scenario — both outcomes are possible and the Explorer shows you which applies.

When does Roth conversion help — and when does it hurt?

The core question is your tax rate today vs. your tax rate later.

Converting makes sense when your marginal rate during the conversion window is lower than the rate you'd pay on future RMDs. In that case, you prepay tax at a discount and all future growth is tax-free. The benefit compounds over 20–30 years and can be substantial.

Converting hurts when your current marginal rate equals or exceeds your expected future RMD rate. You'd be paying more tax today to avoid less tax later — a net loss that also compounds over time.

What drives the future RMD rate? Once large income sources like a pension or employment income end, your taxable income often drops significantly. Social Security and RMDs alone may put you in a lower bracket than you're in today — especially in the years before RMDs begin. That's typically where the opportunity lies.

What raises your current conversion rate? Pension income, employment income, and Social Security all stack on top of any conversion amount, pushing the marginal rate on the converted dollars higher. If your income is already high, conversions may land in the 24–35% federal bracket before state tax is added.

The Explorer below runs both scenarios for you and shows the actual dollar impact. Check the tax rate column to see what rate each strategy is effectively paying — and compare that to your projected RMD-year rate.

How much should I convert? Key considerations

There is no IRS limit on how much you can convert per year. However, bigger is not always better. Key trade-offs:

Tax bracket jumping: Each dollar converted is added to your taxable income. Large conversions push you into higher brackets (e.g., from 22% to 32% or 37%), meaning you pay a steep rate on the incremental dollars.
IRMAA surcharges: Conversions increase your MAGI, which Medicare uses (with a 2-year lookback) to set Part B & D premiums. Crossing thresholds can add $2,000–$8,000+/yr in premiums.
Paying tax now vs. later: You pay tax upfront on conversions. If your future tax rate (on RMDs) would be lower than your current marginal rate on the conversion, you may pay more tax than you save.
Deduction phase-outs: Higher income from conversions can reduce or eliminate the senior tax deduction ($6,000) and SALT deduction cap benefits.
Estimated tax penalties: Large late-year conversions can trigger IRS underpayment penalties if you haven't made sufficient quarterly estimated payments.

The sweet spot — if one exists — is typically converting enough to fill your current tax bracket without jumping to the next one, or staying below the first IRMAA threshold. For some users, the optimal conversion amount is zero: if your income during the conversion window already exceeds your projected RMD rate, conversion increases lifetime taxes rather than reducing them. The Explorer's tax rate column shows the effective rate you'd pay on each strategy so you can compare it directly to your expected future rate.

Conversion Strategy

Custom amount per year

Amount per Year

$

Start Age

End Age

Fill Up To Bracket

Start Age

End Age

2026 brackets for your plan’s filing status. Converts enough each year to fill your taxable income up to the top of the selected bracket (after standard deduction); bracket ceilings inflate with the plan’s bracket-inflation assumption.

Filing Status

Start Age

End Age

Converts the maximum each year while keeping your Modified Adjusted Gross Income below the first IRMAA threshold ($218,000 MFJ / $109,000 Single for 2026). Avoids Medicare premium surcharges.

Optimizer Constraints

Cap at IRMAA threshold

Max bracket:

Min liquidity $:

These constraints apply only to "Compare Scenarios". IRMAA cap keeps MAGI below the first surcharge tier. Max bracket limits conversions. Min liquidity ensures brokerage stays above this floor.

Lifetime Tax Savings

—

Run a conversion strategy to see savings.

Ending Wealth Impact

—

Ending Roth Balance (tax-free)

—

RMD Reduction

—

Total Converted

—

After-Tax Wealth Break-Even iThe age at which after-tax wealth with conversion, having fallen behind while the upfront conversion tax is paid, catches up with after-tax wealth without conversion. Measured on the same after-tax basis as the Ending Wealth Impact card (each account reduced by the tax still owed on it). The sub-line also reports when cumulative taxes break even.

—

Cumulative Tax Comparison

Effective Tax Rate

Account Balances: With vs. Without Conversions

Year-by-Year Conversion Detail

Age	Year	Conversion	Tax on Conv.	Trad. Balance	Roth Balance	RMD (With)	RMD (Without)	Triggers IRMAA

What-If Scenarios

Adjust assumptions and stress-test your retirement plan. Change return rates, life expectancy, inflation, SS timing, and spending to see how each affects your outcome.

Market Return: 6%

Life Expectancy: 95

Inflation: 3%

SS Start Age: 67

Spending Adjust: 0%

Retirement Age: 65

Extra Income: $0/yr (flat, taxed as ordinary income)

Historical Backtest

Historical Backtest (1996–2025)

What if you retired 30 years ago with your current balances? This shows how actual S&P 500 returns — including the dot-com crash, 2008 financial crisis, and COVID — would have affected your portfolio over 30 years.

Growth only. This comparison shows pure investment growth — it does not subtract any spending, withdrawals, or taxes. The balances shown here will be higher than your retirement projection, which accounts for living expenses.

Your Projected Balance

(Flat Return Rate)

$0

Historical Balance

(Actual S&P 500)

$0

Based on S&P 500 Total Returns (incl. dividends). No withdrawals, spending, or taxes applied — this is a growth-only comparison. Historical returns do not guarantee or predict future performance.

Market Crash Stress Test

How would your plan survive a major market crash? Pick a scenario, choose when the crash hits, and see the impact — including the recovery rally.

Crash starts in retirement year:

📉

2008 Financial Crisis

Based on the Great Recession (2008–2012). S&P 500 lost 37% in 2008 alone.

-38% -14% +26% +15% +12%

Actual S&P: -37%, +26%, +15%, +2%, +16%

📈

2000 Dot-Com Bust

Based on the Dot-Com crash (2000–2004). Three consecutive years of losses.

-10% -12% -22% +28% +10%

Actual S&P: -9%, -12%, -22%, +29%, +11%

⚡

2020 COVID Crash

Based on the pandemic sell-off (2020). Sharp 34% drop followed by a rapid V-shaped recovery.

-34% +30% +18%

Actual S&P: -34% peak-to-trough, +18% full year, +29% in 2021

Saved Scenarios

No saved scenarios yet

Monte Carlo Simulation

Run your retirement plan through 2,000 seeded market paths sampling annual returns around your expected return. Instead of one straight-line projection, see the modeled success rate and the range of possible outcomes. Same inputs always produce the same results.

This runs 2,000 full simulations for deeper analysis (the Strategy Engine uses 500 per strategy for speed). Monte Carlo samples seeded annual returns around your return rate assumption — the same inputs always produce the same results. Results reflect modeled frequency, not prediction. Past performance does not guarantee future results.

Tax Strategy

Understand your effective tax rate in retirement and explore strategies to minimize lifetime taxes. Includes tax bracket analysis and the impact of relocating to a different state.

Compare State Tax Impact

Brokerage Gain / Basis Estimator

A sanity check on the Gain % you've entered in Tax Settings. Enter your estimated embedded gain today, and this tool projects how the blended gain % in your brokerage will actually evolve over time — accounting for fully-taxed RMD inflows (which arrive at 100% basis) and investment growth (which adds pure gain). If the projected line diverges significantly from your flat assumption, your cap gains tax estimates may be off.

What % of your current brokerage balance is embedded gain?

Your best estimate today — check your brokerage statement for unrealized gain. This is the same field as Tax Settings → Starting Gain % (one number seeds the plan's tracked cost basis); 0 means no embedded gain, and a negative % means the account is below your cost (an unrealized loss the plan will realize as it sells). A higher % is more cautious from a tax perspective.

%

These are rough estimates only. This tool uses simplified assumptions and cannot replace actual cost basis records from your brokerage statements. It does not account for: reinvested dividends, tax lots, wash sale adjustments, return-of-capital distributions, gifted or inherited securities, or any position-level detail. Always consult your brokerage statements and a qualified tax advisor for actual basis calculations. These projections are for planning illustration purposes only.

Risk Strategy

Comprehensive risk analysis with Monte Carlo success probability, tax burden, RMD exposure, and 5 more risk factors. Adjust the scenario sliders below to stress-test how changing assumptions affects your risk profile — without changing your main inputs.

Stress Test Assumptions

Life Expectancy

Base:

Inflation Rate

%

Base: %

Spending Adjustment

%

Increase or decrease annual spending

Investment Return

%

Base: %

Historical Backtest (1996–2025)

What if you retired 30 years ago with your current balances? This shows how actual S&P 500 returns — including the dot-com crash, 2008 financial crisis, and COVID — would have affected your portfolio.

Withdrawal Strategy

Compare different withdrawal sequences to see which order of drawing from your accounts preserves wealth the longest. Your current withdrawal order setting from the inputs above is highlighted.

RMD Strategy

Review your projected Required Minimum Distribution schedule starting at your RMD age (73 or 75, set by your birth year), based on your projected IRA/401(k) balance at that age (not your current balance). RMD amounts are calculated using the IRS Uniform Lifetime Table. See how RMDs grow over time, their tax impact, and strategies to reduce them through early withdrawals or Roth conversions.

Spending Strategy

Evaluate whether your planned spending is sustainable. See your effective withdrawal rate, how it compares to common benchmarks, and when adjustments might be needed.

Healthcare Strategy

Model Medicare premiums, IRMAA surcharges, Medigap supplements, and out-of-pocket costs through retirement. Healthcare inflation (~5.8%) outpaces general inflation — see how it compounds and what share of your spending goes to medical costs.

Include Healthcare Costs in Simulation

Adds Medicare premiums, supplements, and OOP costs to your annual spending. IRMAA surcharges calculated from projected income.

Coverage Settings

Filing Status

Your Medicare Age ?

Monthly Premiums (2026 defaults)

Part B /mo

$

Part D /mo

$

Medigap /mo

$

Annual Costs

Out-of-Pocket /yr

$

Your Pre-Medicare /yr ?

$

HC Inflation %

%

Your Employer Coverage Until Age

Skip your healthcare costs while covered by your own employer plan. Leave blank if not applicable.

Spouse Healthcare

Spouse Medicare Age ?

Spouse Employer Coverage Until Age

These premium and out-of-pocket figures are estimates included in your plan — the 2026 standard Part B premium, the Part D base premium, and a national-average Medigap (supplemental) figure. Adjust them to your actual coverage. On Medicare Advantage? Set Medigap to $0 and enter your plan premium under Part D.

Spouse Monthly Premiums

Part B /mo

$

Part D /mo

$

Medigap /mo

$

Spouse Annual Costs

Out-of-Pocket /yr

$

Pre-Medicare /yr ?

$

Spouse healthcare defaults to $0. Use "Copy my values" if your spouse has similar coverage, or enter their specific costs above.

Defaults based on 2026 CMS/Medicare rates. Part B: $202.90/mo standard premium. Part D: $38.99/mo national base. Medigap Plan G national avg: ~$175/mo. Healthcare inflation: 5.8% (HealthView Services 2026 projection). IRMAA surcharges auto-calculated from your projected income.

Social Security Strategy

Compare claiming Social Security at different ages to see how each option affects your lifetime benefits, ending balance, and total income. Includes break-even analysis and COLA growth projections.

Investment Allocation Strategy

Get age-appropriate asset allocation suggestions for your retirement accounts. See how shifting between stocks, bonds, and cash affects your projected outcomes over time.

Timeline Strategy

See a visual timeline of key retirement milestones — from Social Security eligibility and Medicare enrollment to RMD start dates, spending phase changes, and projected fund depletion. Understand what happens at each stage.

Tax Review

A year-by-year breakdown of the first 10 retirement years: where your taxable income comes from, how the tax breaks down by type, and which account funded each tax dollar. Useful for spotting bracket-creep and brokerage-drain patterns.

Validation & Debug

Inspect the year-by-year simulation data, export to CSV for external verification, and review engine diagnostics. Useful for validating results against your own spreadsheet or tax preparer’s projections.

Input Guide

Decision Windows

Shared axis; per-person events where timing differs; household opportunities appear once.

Events are grouped by person, followed by household opportunities. Detailed windows are below.

You

Primary

IRMAA lookback 2026

Social Security claim window

Medicare 2028

QCD eligible 2034

RMD start 2038

59½ access 2023

Spouse

IRMAA lookback 2026

Medicare 2028

QCD eligible 2034

RMD start 2038

59½ access 2023

Gap-Year Conversion Window · Household 2026 – 2033 · 7 years left Ends when Social Security begins.

Widow-Preparation Exposure · Household MFJ brackets last only while you both do. Ongoing exposure — no close date. The defense is Roth conversions while both of you are in joint brackets.

Senior Deduction (OBBBA) · Household 2028 – 2028

Household opportunity

Gap-Year Conversion Window

Open

From 2026 through 2033. Ends when Social Security begins.

Low-bracket headroom ~$1,205,000

Modeled after-tax value +$50,869

Liquidity-rate pin: 16.86%

Per person

IRMAA Lookback

Open

Open since 2026. Income from this year on sets Medicare premiums two years later (the lookback); the band stays open for life.

Potential annual surcharge up to $X/yr

First projected surcharge —

Per person · dated event

RMD Start

Not yet

First RMD year: 2038. May defer first distribution to April 1, 2039; deferral bunches two RMDs into that tax year.

Projected first RMD $64,709

Per person · partially elapsed

Social Security Claim Window

Open

Claim window: 2025 – 2033. Each year of delay raises the monthly benefit for life. Claiming before full retirement age while still working can temporarily withhold benefits (earnings test).

Monthly benefit delta, 70 vs 62 +77%

Modeled claim —

Household exposure

Widow-Preparation Exposure

Exposure

MFJ brackets last only while you both do. This is an exposure, not an open/closed window, and it has no close date.

Modeled survivor tax + IRMAA penalty —

Defense / comparison Conversions may help

Temporary statutory window

Senior Deduction (OBBBA)

Not yet

Eligible window: 2028 – 2028. OBBBA is the 2025 federal tax law (the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act”). It added an extra $6,000 standard deduction per person aged 65+ for tax years 2025–2028, phasing out above $75,000 of income ($150,000 married). The window is the years you or your spouse are 65+ while it is on the books; a dash means nobody in the plan is 65 before it sunsets.

Completed

59½ Access

Reached 2023. Penalty-free access to retirement accounts.

Not yet

Medicare

Modeled transition begins 2028.

—

Not yet

QCD Eligibility

Eligible around 2034. Not modeled in the projection.

$QCD_LIMIT

Not yet

Senior Deduction

Temporary eligibility window: 2025–2028 (tax years).

Projections are based on your plan assumptions and current law. Estimates only — not tax or investment advice.

At a Glance

IRMAA lookback

Income from 2026 onward sets premiums two years later.

Most valuable open window

Gap-Year Conversion

+$50,869 modeled after-tax value

Changed since last visit

Conversion window

Lost 1 year of planning time

Legend

Not yet

Open

Closing (≤3 yrs)

Closed / Passed

Completed

Milestone

Exposure

About Decision Windows

Dates, stakes, and statuses are derived from the current plan at render. No Decision Windows card invents a figure the underlying calculation cannot defend.

Current Retirement Plan

Edit Retirement Plan

⚠ For Informational Purposes Only These projections are estimates to help you think about legacy planning. They are not legal, tax, or estate planning advice. Estate and inheritance laws vary by state and change over time. Consult a qualified estate planning attorney and tax advisor before making any decisions.

Years Scroll horizontally to view all columns →

Timeline		Portfolio		Income			RMDs & IRAs				Spending & Healthcare			Withdrawals			Taxable Income & Gains										Taxes					Cash Flows				Contributions		End-of-Year Balances
Age	Year	Beg Bal	Growth ⓘ	SS Inc	Pension	Employ	RMD ⓘ	Exc RMD	IRA/401(k) Beg ⓘ	Spouse IRA Beg ⓘ	Spend Need ⓘ	HC Base	HC IRMAA	Spend W/D ⓘ	IRA → Spend ⓘ	Spcl W/D	Ord Tax Inc	Deduction ⓘ	Est Tax Inc	Brkt Room	Brkt Used	Roth Conv	Cap Gain	Cap L Used	Net Gain	Loss C/O	Base Fed	Base St	CG Tax	G-U Tax	Tot Tax	Spend W/D	Spcl W/D	Tax W/D	Tot W/D	Spcl Dep ⓘ	Contrib ⓘ	IRA/401k	Roth	Brokerage	Cash ⓘ	End Bal

Presentation: Spend Need is shown accounting-style — red parentheses denote a cash outflow. The underlying value is the plan’s spending target for the year; the CSV export carries the plain number.

Withdrawals: Spend W/D = withdrawal for living expenses. Spcl W/D = special withdrawal (also taxed). Tax W/D = withdrawal to fund taxes. Tot W/D = Spend W/D + Spcl W/D + Tax W/D. Spend W/D appears twice: once next to Spend Need (includes Spcl W/D) and again in the withdrawal math section (excludes Spcl W/D, shown separately).

Income & Tax: Ord Tax Inc = ordinary taxable income before deductions. Deduction = standard or custom deduction applied. Est Tax Inc = Ord Tax Inc − Deduction (estimated taxable income, ties to Tax Bracket Management). Roth Conv = amount converted from Traditional to Roth (included in Ord Tax Inc). Note: If the Enhanced Senior Deduction (One Big Beautiful Bill, 2025–2028) is enabled, you will see a step-down in the Deduction column in the first year after it expires — this is correct and reflects the provision's scheduled end date.

Bracket Fill (Tax-Smart): Brkt Room = how much IRA withdrawal room exists before hitting the target bracket ceiling (ceiling − base income). Brkt Used = actual IRA withdrawal taken to fill the bracket; this amount is included in Ord Tax Inc and taxed accordingly. If RMD exceeds the room, the excess is reinvested into brokerage. These columns are zero when not using Tax-Smart withdrawal order. Click any cell for the full breakdown.

Capital Gains: Cap Gain = gross capital gain from brokerage withdrawals. Cap L Used = capital loss carryforward applied against gains. Net Gain = Cap Gain − Cap L Used. Loss C/O = remaining capital loss carryforward.

Tax Computation: Base Fed = federal tax on ordinary income. Base St = state tax on ordinary income. CG Tax = Net Gain × LTCG rate. G-U Tax = gross-up tax from funding taxes via IRA. Tot Tax = Base Fed + Base St + CG Tax + G-U Tax, plus payroll tax (FICA) on wages in working years (click the Tot Tax cell for the year’s breakdown).

SAVINGS ESTIMATOR

Build your savings picture

Eight focused steps. Your answers update the existing Savings Estimator automatically.

Step 1 of 8

About YouStart with the dates and income that set your planning horizon.

Optional Tool

Assets & Liabilities — Input

Add assets and debts outside your retirement plan to see your complete financial picture.

View Overview

Retirement and investment accounts already entered in NestMint are included automatically.
Do not enter those accounts again here.

Plan assets already entered$0

Additional assets entered$0

Liabilities entered$0

Assets

Only assets not already included in your NestMint savings or retirement accounts.

Primary residence$

Other real estate$

Additional cash & savings$

Business interests$

Vehicles / personal property$

Other assets$

Liabilities

Enter current balances, not original loan amounts.

Primary mortgage$

HELOC$

Auto loans$

Other real estate debt$

Personal loans$

Other liabilities$

How this works

Optional. These entries calculate your broader net worth and do not change Savings Estimator or Retirement Planner projections.

What happens next

Save to create your Asset & Liability Overview. You can update these values at any time.

Skip for Now

Financial Picture

Asset & Liability Overview

A broader net-worth view kept separate from the assets used in your retirement projection.

Update Assets & Liabilities

Net Worth Summary

Total Assets$0

Total Liabilities$0

Net Worth$0

Not yet saved

Assets

$0

Asset CategoryValue% of Total

Liabilities

$0

Liability CategoryBalance% of Total

Net Worth Over Time

Built from the updates you save in this optional tool.

Save future updates to build your net-worth history.

Largest Assets

Largest Liabilities

Important: This overview includes assets and liabilities outside your retirement plan. Additional assets entered here are not used to fund modeled retirement spending unless separately entered through an existing NestMint retirement-planning input.

Budget Tracker

Track every dollar in and out — whether it's a paycheck or a pension.

Monthly Income

$0

$0 / year

Monthly Expenses

$0

$0 / year

Monthly Surplus / Deficit

$0

$0 / year

Income Sources

Employment Income

$

Pension Income

$

Social Security Income

$

IRA Distributions

$

Other Income

$

Total Monthly Income $0

Monthly Expenses

Housing (Mortgage/Rent)

$

Property Taxes

$

HOA

$

Utilities

$

Healthcare / Medicare

$

Insurance

$

Food

$

Transportation

$

Cell Phone

$

Giving / Charity

$

Travel / Leisure

$

Misc

$

Total Monthly Expenses $0

Monthly Surplus / Deficit $0

Income vs Expenses

Expense Breakdown

Monthly expenses by category

Inflation Projection

Rate:

3%

NestMint Workspace

Reports Center

Review, export, and share the analysis already produced by your planning tools.

Back to Workspace

Current retirement planReports reflect the analysis currently shown in your retirement plan.

Retirement planning

Core plan reports

Headline projections, detailed annual results, and complete plan exports.

Complete plan

Retirement Plan PDF

A shareable summary of assumptions, balances, income, spending, taxes, and projected outcomes.

Year by year

Retirement Data Export

Export the complete annual projection for further review in a spreadsheet.

Interactive

Charts & Spreadsheet

Open the current plan's charts, account balances, taxes, withdrawals, and annual spreadsheet.

Comparisons & analysis

Strategy and detailed analysis

Explore factual differences among withdrawal approaches and inspect every calculation.

Comparison

Strategy Engine

Compare withdrawal strategies against the same retirement-plan assumptions.

Comprehensive

Deep Dive

Open all detailed sections, including accounts, taxes, cash flow, healthcare, RMDs, Monte Carlo, and legacy analysis.

Tax planning

Roth Conversion Explorer

Review conversion comparisons, projected taxes, future RMDs, and ending wealth.

Other planning tools

Savings, budget, and legacy

Generate focused reports from the other areas of your financial workspace.

Accumulation

Savings Projection PDF

Export the current savings projection, assumptions, and accumulation results.

Cash flow

Budget Tracker PDF

Export income, expenses, savings rate, and multi-year budget projections.

Estate

Legacy Analysis

Open beneficiary, estate-transfer, tax, and inheritance projections based on the current plan.

Planning information, not advice.Reports summarize the assumptions and modeled results in NestMint. They do not constitute investment, legal, or tax advice.

My Profile

Saved Scenarios & Data

All your saved work in one place. Click any item to open it.

Savings Scenarios

No saved scenarios yet

Retirement Planner Scenarios

No saved scenarios yet

Budget Tracker Scenarios

No saved scenarios yet

Other Saved Data

No other data

Settings

Your date of birth and state feed your plan: state drives the state-tax model, and ages drive projections.

Plan today.Live confidently tomorrow.

Powerful Tools. Clear Insights. Better Decisions.

Year-by-Year Projections

Smart Withdrawal Strategies

Monte Carlo Simulations

Tax, RMD & IRMAA Insights

Built for Every Stage of Life

Young Professionals

Near Retirees

Retirees

Simple, Transparent Pricing

Your future. Your plan.Your confidence.

Welcome back

Employee planning

Retiree planning

Powerful tools to support your journey

Retirement savings planning

Income & withdrawal modeling

Strategy comparisons

Scenario analysis

Secure. Private. Trusted.

Retirement Confidence

Projected Ending Wealth i

Annual Spending (Today)

Lifetime Taxes

Years to Retirement

Current Savings

Projected Savings

Monthly Contributions

Savings Target

Good morning, John!

Your Projected Retirement

What would you like to do next?

Welcome back, Margaret.

Projected Ending Wealth i

Probability of Success i

Monthly Spending i

Income Sources i

Expenses i

Key Assumptions i

Portfolio Snapshot

Planning Next Steps

Spending & Withdrawals by Age

Taxes by Age

Recent Plans

Start a new plan

Savings Estimator

Your Savings Today

Compensation

Spouse (optional)

Contribution & Growth

Saved Scenarios

Wealth Accumulation Over Time

Account Balances Over Time

Year-by-Year Savings Projection

Smart Planning Tools

Window A vs. Window B — Head to Head

Total Portfolio Value: Convert vs. No Convert

Year-by-Year Conversion Detail

Saved Scenarios

Goal Simulator

Monthly Contribution

Years to Goal

Required Return

Future Balance

Your profile

Household

Spouse / Partner

Account balances

Social Security (You)

Social Security (Spouse / Partner)

Pensions (You)

Spouse Pension

Employment / Other Income (You)

Spouse Employment

Annual Spending

Spending phases

Spending guardrails

One-Time & Multi-Year Cash Flow Events

Property 1

Plan today.
Live confidently tomorrow.

Your future. Your plan.
Your confidence.

Projected Ending Wealth

Projected Ending Wealth

Probability of Success

Monthly Spending

Income Sources

Expenses

Key Assumptions